Pushkin previously on Revisionist History.

He was taken out of the cell, thinking that his execution was imminent, strapped to a gurney, and he's asking, you know, the corrections officers who are with them, what's going on.

You know, an antiseysiologist in good standing is not going to spend their wednesdays over at the you know, State corrections sticking ivs and people for execution.

It's not something that we do.

Because a cold blooded, convicted killer complains about the prodding and poking of a small abby.

Line, really.

Potting and proo with a needle.

After three and a half or four hours being strapped to a gurney, you know, he was unable to stand, walk, unbutton his shirt, you know, change his clothes, do any of that without assistance.

They attempted to kill him.

On November seventeenth, his lawyers called me, I think ten days later.

I didn't know them, They didn't know me, and they said, you know, we have a client who's had this thing happen.

He's really struggling.

Would you take a look at him?

And we talked to him.

In the months after his botched execution, Kenny Smith had a confidant Kate Porterfield a psychologist who specializes in trauma.

She's consulted on dozens of row cases in her career, spent a lot of time at the US Military prison at Guantanamo Bay.

Worked for years treating patients at the Clinic for Torture Victims at Bellevue Hospital in Manhattan.

A very good friend of mine, Stephen, knows her well and told me one day, you have to meet my friend Kate.

She has the strangest job in America.

So I called her up and we began to talk with no real plan or agenda, And in one of our conversations, she told me about a case that I had never heard about before, and a person she'd been asked to evaluate who had affected her deeply, Kenny Smith.

That's how I learned about the murder of Elizabeth Sennett.

Everything in this series began with my conversations with Cape Porterfield.

So tell me about your first busy with Kenny.

So my first contact with him was a call.

Actually it was remarkably.

Pleasant.

Kenny was a very resilient man.

He was you know, he had been on death row for thirty four years.

This was a man used to living on death row and least to being in prison.

And one of the things he said to me is, you know, he used to call me Doc.

He'd said, Doc, I am very institutionalized.

I know how to do this.

I've made a life here.

I have a very good set of friends here, and I have really good relationships on the outside.

He had been married, he had children from before he went in, and he had relationships with his children.

So he said to me, I'm very institutionalized.

I've been through a lot, but I'm actually pretty stable.

And he said, but I'm I'm falling apart right now from what happened.

I mean, I think what now.

What I think is he was signaling to me, I'm pretty sturdy, but this really messed me up.

Kate Porderfield would end up spending many hours with Kenny Smith over the next year, looking to him on the phone, visiting him at home in prison, trying to understand what happened to him in that execution chamber on the night of November seventeenth, twenty twenty two, trying to figure out how damaged he had been by the experience, writing an assessment of his condition that could be used by his legal team in court, and most of all just trying to understand who he was.

My name is Malcolm Gladwell.

You're listening to the Alabama murders.

In this installment, I want to look at Kenny Smith through the eyes of Cape Porterfield, to see the Kenny Smith that she saw in those many encounters between the end of twenty twenty two and the Long Winter of twenty twenty three.

This is episode six, the Porterfield Sessions.

In my third conversation with Cape Porterfield, well before we got to Kenny Smith, she told me about a patient she'd seen many years ago, an older man.

This is when she was working at the Torture Clinic of Bellevue.

He was a refugee from a war torn country.

He'd been imprisoned, tortured, and at one point he had been subjected to a mock execution.

He had been made to believe by his captors that he was about to die.

So this was probably the first person I ever worked with who had had a mock execution, and it is its own unimaginable horror that leaves a really really bad physical, physiological, rather imprint.

Her goal was to gently push him back towards his traumatic experience to better understand and to help him.

He was very rigid and he would sit just really tightly wound in the sessions, really gripping the chair, and I.

He didn't want to go there.

It took a very long time to draw him out.

She would go on to work with five or six other patients who had gone through something similar.

A gun they thought was loaded, put to their head on to realize it was empty, being held underwater almost long enough, and even in one case, being left in a cage with a lion.

She came to believe that this kind of experience deserved its own category.

Why is a mock execution uniquely damaging?

Let me say it this way.

When someone says you're about to die, you know you're terrified, and terror doesn't even capture it.

You're you know, most people lose control in some part of their body, maybe they're bladder or a bow.

You know, there's usually.

Incredible exclaiming of horror.

You know, it's not good to think you're about to die.

I mean, I've seen six people or whatever try to describe it to me, and they all fall apart.

It's like I've never had someone say it the first time and not really fall apart.

Like collapse and different ways.

I had a guy who had been kidnapped and the soldiers came in and said, if we don't get the ransom, you know, we're going to kill you.

And then they came in the next day and they had a gun and they put it to his head.

This man was the most put together, disciplined, you know, kind of controlled guy, and when he tried to tell that moment, he just fell down in his chair and grabbed his head and he was like, my head's hurting, my head's urting.

I can't, I can't.

There's just this incredible physiological, you know, probably hormonal dump into his system of the same thing that happened, you know, when the mock execution took place.

So essentially what trauma does is it becomes imprinted in your body and your memory banks are then linked and hooked up with the fear reaction.

So that's the problem.

It's a bad linkage.

And so when you think about being told I'm about to kill you, and then you try to tell it, your body just goes it goes right into that state of terror.

This is the first thing that Kate Porterfield saw when she sat down with Kenny Smith that he was in that special category, but his experience in some ways was even more overwhelming.

This was not a mock execution.

It was a botched execution, meaning it wasn't a trick.

They were actually intending to execute Kenny.

They just didn't manage to pull it off.

And Kate was entreating someone years after it had occurred with Kenny Smith, this had just happened.

This was different, you know.

This was this very orchestrated, slow, systematic process being done by these guys all in this room who he knew, Guys who had been his guards for like some of them he knew something he didn't, but you know, guys he's known for a lot of years trying to kill him.

Very hard to wrap your and around.

How did the guards react?

You know?

I think that he believed they got very rattled and he watched it on their faces, but no one could do anything.

And it's a scary narrative then of what.

People will do with orders, right, Like I mean, there was a point, after all these poking of him with needles going around his feet, his arms, where they took the gurney and inverted it upwards with his feet up and left him there for I have to look, but I think it was upwards of twenty minutes, thirty minutes.

They came back in and they t so then they started poking on his collar bunt.

So they took this man.

They tipped him upside down so that the blood would rush to a part of his body.

They came back in, they injected him with something which he believes and we believe was probably a painkiller, and then they started going on his neck, you know, around his collar bun.

I mean, I'm sorry, but I don't imagine that a person who's doing that and witnessing it can walk away from that unscathed themselves.

Kenny wanted to apologize to the Senate family and say goodbye to his own family, but he was all alone with the execution team.

He thought they were killing him before the witnesses could get there.

And he said one of the ways he stayed calm when there was all that dead time was he would he would say to himself, turn to the right, to the victim's family and apologize.

Turn to the left, tell my family, I love him.

So he would have this little practice.

To the right, I'm sorry, to the left, I love you, And he said that kind of helped him pass the time, which also was like remarkable to me.

He was thinking, thinking about how you're managing, like how you're gonna choreograph this.

They come back in, they begin to untie the.

Tourniquet on his arm, and they say it's over now.

And then one of the people on the team who he did no says to him, it's over and I'll be praying for you.

So these kinds of moments for Kenny were just what's the word unmanageable.

Afterwards, they were unmanageable moments with other humans.

One minute they were trying to kill him, then they weren't trying to kill him.

It's very confusing.

And then the man, you know, references God.

Kenny's you know, most core faith right is his belief in God and his belief that because of his faith, you know, he had really been saved.

I'm not talking about saved in the execution.

I'm saying saved as a man, you know, his faith saved him.

So this collision of people trying to kill you, your body being in something that we don't really understand unless you've had unless you thought you were going to die, and then someone bringing God in and saying this sort of generous thing, I'm going to pray for you.

It was it like the word unmanageable is what I keep coming up with.

He couldn't grasp it, and he couldn't he couldn't deal with it after.

I mean, there were many things that made in distress, but that was one.

You know, the warden taking his head and saying this is this is what's best for you was another.

Kate Porderfield would end up having seventeen marathon phone sessions with Kenny Smith, and she would twice fly down to Alabama to meet with him in person, and after he had told her the story of what happened on November seventeenth, he told her the story of his life in the years leading up to the murder of Elizabeth Sennett.

That's after the brain.

Kenny Smith's full name was Kenneth Eugene Smith.

Both Kenny and his brother Joey were named for their father, a truck driver named Wesley Eugene Smith.

Did you ever naming the matter?

Yeah?

Linda Smith, Kenny Smith's mom, still lives in the shoals.

She spoke with Lee Hedgspeth, a local reporter who knew Kenny well and covered his case.

Has he passed now, Jane, Oh he is, Yeah, Hey, I think he was forty five when he passed.

Linda and Jean had five children together in quick succession.

Kenny was the eldest.

He didn't really want a child that at that point.

Why do you think that was?

I just I don't know.

I guess he wouldn't through with his wild oats, I guess.

So tell me about the wild oats.

Not too much of a drinker, more of like pills.

Back then, it was kind of uppers and downers.

Jean was on the road a lot.

He had another relationship then that says it was with an underage girl.

Jean got her pregnant, but he still came around to see Linda, to sleep with her or just to hit her.

Oh yeah, he always did that, just about I mean, not when we first started dating.

It started.

I guess it started after Kenny was born.

You know what I think is he was doing stuff and he was thinking I was, you know, he was jealous.

Yeah, but I wasn't, you know, I had a kid to raise.

I mean, he would just hit me in the head and I mean I still got a scar right there.

Where he through a bottle at me and right here.

It may have been gone now, but it was just you know, hit me, knocked me in the floor, slappen me.

We'll see, like I said, he thought that I was you know, out doing stuff and partying, and like I said, which I wasn't.

And can you recall, like, for example, the incident with the bottle, Can you tell me what happened then?

Do you remember?

Yeah?

I mean, I I mean I didn't know he was coming in there that which it didn't matter, but I was at home, you know, and a friend of mine for work was just there with me, and Kenny was there and he just came in and he was just enraged that night.

Do you remember what Kenny's reaction would be when that's happening.

How old is Kenny around this time?

I remember that time, He's probably throughfore, I mean its run, get up on the couch and sit ye and Joeyan just you know.

Do you remember anything that Kenny ever said to you, either when the abuse was happening or afterward?

Oh yeah, I mean he would I mean, you know, and hug me, and you know, I guess you don't.

I guess they was telling me, you know, everything would be okay.

Kenny would draw pictures and give them to his mom.

Kenny's sentencing hearing, a series of witnesses testified about Jeane's abuse.

One was a woman who worked as a waitress with Linda.

Jean would come into the restaurant when Linda was working.

This is what she said, Well, he would take what money Linda had made in tips, and if she did not make what he thought he needed, she would get slapped and beat around right in the restaurant.

He would walk in and he would tell her he needed to talk to her.

Well, she would walk off into a private place with him, which was around the corner in the hall, and the next thing, you know, you would hear this commotion and he would be beating her.

He would slap her and he would hit her with his fist.

I have seen him back her up in the corner and just beating her.

And I have seen her when her pocket would be torn on the uniform where he had taken the money out of it.

Question and how often would he come around?

Answer?

Well, at least three, two to three times a week that happened.

He always made a point to hit her around the eyes, The fifth of the children Linda and Jean had together was Michael, who died a few hours after birth.

His lungs never developed.

In testimony, Kenny's brother Joey said, quote, well, he blamed mother for it and said it was her fault, and pretty soon, you know, she felt bad, even kind of accepted the blame and started drinking real heavy.

Question does your mom drink now today?

Answer no.

Kenny, Joey said in his testimony, was the one taking care of her.

He would be in there with a cold rag on her head, cleaning up the vomit out of the floor when she missed the commode, and trying to wrestle her up out of the floor to get her in the bed because she was a big woman.

Question how old do you think Kenny was the first time that you saw him picking your mama up and talking to her and wiping her How old do you think he was?

Answer probably eight or nine.

Question did there ever come a time when you saw your brother turn to drinking?

Answer?

Oh, yes.

Question do you remember how old he was?

Answer he was sixteen.

Question did there ever come a time when you saw your brother start to drink too much?

Answer yes, Kenny met a woman.

They had a child together, Michael, named for Kenny's brother who died.

They moved to a house in Florence, and one day a friend of his from high school asked him if he wanted a little quick money roughing someone up and off He and John Parker went in Parker's Pontiac Grand Prix with a hunting knife and a fifth of wild turkey on the console between them to do what he had seen people do one hundred times in his life.

Kate Porterfield and I sometimes digressed into more personal subjects.

We talked a lot about our kids and parenting, what she had learned as a mother of three daughters.

And there was something she said at one point that I can't stop thinking about.

You know, Catherine Harrison, You know that is she's a great writer.

Yeah, and she she wrote this incredible memoir about her life with her father who had disappeared and then got involved with her in incredibly inappropriate way.

And it was a beautiful, very painful memoir, very brave.

And she has a line in there.

I'm going to get it wrong, but where she says, we think that parenting is about unconditional love, and what we mean by that is that the parents have unconditional love towards the children.

But what you learn as you grow and as you have kids is that actually the unconditional love is coming from the child to the parent.

And I will say I see that all the time in my patients who got abused as children, which is they love their parents.

They're hungry for their parents.

They yearned for the memory of their parent to be the good parts.

And it doesn't matter that the parents did terrible things to them.

It doesn't matter.

No, I mean, it matters to who they've become.

But in their sense of self, oh, I see, they'll yearn for that parent.

Children have an unconditional My point is, children have an unconditional love of the parent.

When Kate Porterfield was just out of college, she had been attacked by a stranger.

He took her by surprise and beat her up.

She suffered from what she now realizes was PTSD.

It took her years to recover.

That experience was one of the reasons she developed such an interest in treating trauma.

She had no connection to her attacker, though no reason to return to him, it was possible to understand ultimately that this was just a case of being in the wrong place at the wrong time.

But what if he wasn't a stranger.

What if you loved your attacker, And what if your love was so powerful and instinctual that you couldn't help yourself that you kept coming back again and again, hoping things might be different.

I think that's another kind of suffering that deserves its own category.

I can't tell you how many the moms of my clients were sexually abused.

I can't tell you.

It's incredible, you know, and you just go, It's just perpetrating and perpetrating and perpetrating through generations.

I'm curious about what it is you said that dealing with these repeated cases if people who had been through this kind of childhood experience, Yeah, taught you a lot.

I want to put my finger on what it taught you.

I understood child development.

I'd trained in child psychology, and I was like, you know, pretty good on it.

But when you see it.

Go wrong, you really then understand what it takes for it to go right.

And so watching again and again, men grown men sitting across from me, cover with tattoos, you know, guys who had killed a couple people, maybe crying watching these men sobbing when they recounted being eight years old and being here's one and I'll frame carefully, but you know, raped at age eight multiple times by an older family member, and this you know, person who had committed homicides, no question, sobbing talking about it.

That was so powerful for me in getting me to understand that this guy is sitting across from me who is quote unquote scary to everybody in the world.

And he looks scary.

Right, he is a hurt person.

If you go all the way back, he's a hurt little boy, and he's now got warrior He's got warrior shit all over himself, right, he's got armor, he's got tattoos over his face.

He's so bad ass and he hurts people, right, and it all if you can kind of back channel it and go back in time, he was a little boy who had happened to him.

He was really really harmed.

In this hypothetical, semi hypothetical case of the guy with the tattoos.

Yeah, uh, how often in his life do you think he talked about that childhood abuse to somebody?

Never hed ever, never talked about it.

More to the point, no one bothered to ask him until she did.

And then I went and visited his family and interviewed all these relatives.

It was one hundred percent known.

Everybody knew this older relative sexually abused kids in the family, and particularly had done so with this child.

Nothing ever done.

Imagine no treatment, no assessment, no law enforcement, nothing.

Now imagine what that does to that kid.

Think about the growing sense of yourself.

I'm gonna get hurt by this person.

Everyone's gonna know.

People are terrifying.

They hurt you, and there's no recourse ever anywhere.

The waitress who worked with Kenny's mother remembered this detail about Kenny's interactions with his dad at the trial.

She said, you did not see him go to Jeane or like, you know, like a child usually runs up to his daddy and approaches him, that he was glad to see him, or that his daddy was glad to see him.

At first, when I read that, I thought she meant that the tragedy of Kenny and Jane was that Kenny didn't want to run up and hug his father.

But after talking to Kate Porterfield, I realized, No, it's much worse.

It's that he wanted to run up and hug his father, but understood even at that age that that was impossible.

Kenny Smith's crime was not committed in isolation.

It was a violent act that came at the end of a long cascade.

We like people to either be victims or bad guys, right, and so victims are people that things happened to, and people who do bad things are just people who do bad things.

And the area that I think were woefully missing, as especially in criminal justice, is seeing that people who do things that are against the law or even violent or even murder are usually or frequently doing that themselves having suffered really bad harm, hurt, maltreatment, abuse, violence.

People have a hard time recognizing that a lot of bad behaviors come out of trauma too.

At the very beginning of this series, I played an excerpt of part of my conversation with Kate Porterfield.

It was about the first time she saw Kenny Smith in person at home in prison in December of twenty twenty two, about a month after the botched execution.

And now I want to play it again because now I think it will make more sense, It will be easier to see why this case, out of the many Kate Porterfield has done affected her so deeply.

When I first went to see Kenny, he wanted to talk for the first probably two hours of our visit about how beautiful his goodbyes were and the love he received from his family as he was going into the execution.

That's what he wanted to start with.

And I found this so powerful and also fascinating honestly as a clinician, because what I first thought was, Oh, he's avoiding, right, he can't talk about the execution.

He spent a lot of time telling me the story of everything else, the goodbyes, the phone calls, the last meal, what people said to him.

I mean, he went through each family member, his grandson, his mom.

So he told me all about his last visit with her and saying goodbye to her, her walking out of the visiting room and turning back to him, you know, and.

It was all about love.

He talked to me about love for probably two two and a half hours, so he really kind of got me.

He made me really pause and think a lot, Kenny Smith, because watching someone only start from a place of love after something so hard was I'd never seen that before.

You don't think he was avoiding the.

Subject well, I think he was in a way.

I think both were true, and I would and I ultimately we got to know each other well, and I could tease him a little and say, you know, you know, you got the gift of gab, Kenny, you're really good at like keeping me off the stuff that and he would just laugh and say, oh, yeah, I don't want to go there.

I don't want to go there, Doc.

And he would say, I get nauseous, I start sweating, I can't do it.

Don't make me do it, Doc.

So like we got to a place where we knew what avoidance was.

But I don't think that's.

The whole ballgame.

I think what really happened is that I got to have this time with this man who thought he was about to die and had a pre death experience of intense love.

There's a famous quote from the Arc critic John Ruskin, hundreds of people can talk for one who can think, but thousands can think for one who can see.

After a lifetime working with people who had suffered great trauma, Kate Porterfield was the one who could see.

And what she saw was a very different version of Kenny Smith, someone in pain over what had happened and what was to come.

And he was just having severe nightmares of being executed over and over.

So he was really tormented at night.

Then during the day he'd be exhausted, he had a ton of nausea, and he had a lot of images coming back to him over and over again.

And then on top of that starts the meaning making, and the meaning making started to really be dark.

After, you know, several weeks, he started to really think about what had happened, that these people who he knew had done it.

To him, How can people.

Do this to other people?

You know, he started to get really and then he got depressed.

He just got full undepressed.

He was actually doing pretty much post traumatic stress symptoms at first, and then he moved into depression in the spring, and then that kind of worsened for a while and then he sort of came out of the depression and then the second execution came up.

The second execution, the State of Alabama wasn't finished with Kenny Smith coming up on the series finale of the Alabama Murders.

They said, well, mom, they're coming to Kidney and you know, weisted our good pass and you know, the life the thing he said, was I love you, Mom, I've got to go.

So the theory was that because nitrogen gas was not noxious, it would be could be given to some one as a kind of, you know, method of gas execution that would not be so troubling to them because they would breathe it and not know it and if they would then lose consciousness and die.

I'm not a medical person.

I can't opine on the on what happened.

The only one who can tell us if he experienced pain and is not here to describe it.

But what I observed.

Anyhow, did not look like what Alabama had advertised.

Revisionous History is produced by Lucy Sullivan, bend A daf Haffrey, Anina Bird Lawrence.

Additional reporting by Benda daf Haffrey and Lee Hedgebeth.

Our editor is Karen Shakerji.

Fact checking by Kate Furby.

Our executive producer is Jacob Smith.

Production support from Luke LeMond.

Engineering by Nina Bird Lawrence, Original scoring by Luis Guerra with Paul Brainard and Jimmy Bott.

Sound design and additional music by Jake Gorski him Malcolm Gladmam.

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