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It's time for why It's the way it is?

Hey, kids, this is Clay Nukeom and I want to talk to you about one of my favorite animals in the whole world, and that is the black bear, also known as Ursus americanas.

That's the Latin name.

All animals have a common name, like black bear, but they also have a Latin name so that scientists can categorize them better.

And the black bear's Latin name is Ursus Americanas.

Say that with me for just a second.

Ursus americanas black bears.

They can weigh over nine hundred pounds.

They can run over thirty miles per hour, which is faster than my best mule Izzy, and they can climb a tree like a gray squirrel.

I have personally seen a black bear swim across a lake.

I have seen black bears swimming in the ocean.

Black bears are incredibly mobile.

They can pretty much do everything but fly, climb trees, swim, they can dig underground, they can run fast on the ground.

Black bears are endemic to North America.

Now that's a new word.

Endemic means that black bears started here in North America and they're nowhere else.

Black bears live all the way.

If you know geography, they live all the way from Alaska down to Florida.

Think about a map in your classroom of the United States, from Alaska to Florida, all the way from the northeast United States up in Maine, all the way to southern California, all the way down into Old Mexico.

Black bears live all across this continent.

Really, the only place that black bears don't live in America is in the Great Plains in the central part of the country, where there are very, very few trees.

Because if there's one thing that a black bear has to have, it's trees.

Because the defense mechanism of a black bear is when he is confronted with danger, whether he's being confronted by another bear, by a human, by a wolf, his number one response is to turn around and run and climb up a tree.

And that's exactly why black bears are typically not that dangerous to people.

You might hear some people talking about grizzly bears and grizzly bears being aggressive and dangerous, and that is true.

Black bearries can also be dangerous to humans.

They absolutely can, but typically they're gonna run away from you when they see you.

I want to talk to you though, about the Year of the black bear.

Okay, but we're gonna start in the late summer, and we're gonna go through a whole calendar year.

So we're gonna start in the summer.

When the bears are eating berries, they're eating little animals that they might find, because bears are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and animals.

They can eat grass like a horse, but they could eat a baby elk calf like a wolf.

Bears love berries.

Bears also love insects.

Bears love flipping rocks and logs and looking for ants and grubs and beetles.

They're catching calves of moose and elk, and they're storing up fat.

And if there's one thing that a bear is good at, he is good at eating, And there's a special biological process that a bear goes through where his body kicks into hyper drive to store fat, to eat, and to store fat, eat, store fat.

And it's called.

Say it with me, hyperphagia.

Man, that's a big word.

But boy, you'd impress your mom or your dad, or your brother or sister if you said it.

Hyper Phagia means an exaggerated period of time when a bear eats a whole, whole, whole bunch, storing up fat so that he can go into his den in the winter and sleep or hibernate during the toughest parts of the year.

Therein, my friends, lies the greatest strategy of maybe the biological world, the greatest strategy of the animal kingdom, I think, is hibernation.

And bears hibernate.

So that means that when there's no food, when it's cold, when there's snow, when it's very difficult to survive, what.

Does a bear do.

He just goes to sleep.

The reason he can go to sleep is because he did a bunch of work back in the summer and fall, spring, summer and fall, and he ate a bunch stored up fat.

And when he goes into the den for hibernation, his body begins to burn that fat.

Now listen up, this is wild.

This is as wild as any thing that you will see on television that any cartoon, any superhero.

A black bear does not eat, he does not drink, he does not go to the bathroom for as long as seven months in the den.

Not all bears din that long.

Some bears might only din a month, but they can then as much as seven months to avoid the hardest parts of the year.

And that is absolutely incredible.

And during the time when the bears in the den, the female bears, the mama bears, they're called sALS, boy bears.

Male bears are called boars, boars, and soals.

But in the den they dig dens in the ground.

They dig holes in the ground.

A bear can den in a hollow tree.

A bear can den in a rock cavity or a cave.

A bear can then in a ground nest where it gathers up vegetation and makes a nest like a bird.

And just sleeps on the ground.

They can sleep in brush piles.

They can sleep under people's houses.

Did you know that bears have actually hibernated under people's houses.

Don't be afraid.

They're not going to hurt you.

In every two years, female bears have their cubs, and their cubs are born weighing less than one pound.

Imagine that a giant bear that might weigh two hundred and fifty pounds, bigger than yo daddy.

And they have a little baby cub as big as a kitten.

And those little.

Cubs usually they have two, sometimes they have three.

But those little baby cubs are born in the den underground or in that hollow log, and they come out and their mother feeds them with her milk all the way from about January, that's when most in North America are born, as in January, and then by April, those cubs come out of the den and they can walk and they can play, and they can scavenge for food, and their mama teaches them how to be a bear.

They go out on the landscape and eat grass and eat acorns and eat berries and eat ants and catch deer fauns.

And that is the year of a bear.

In the summertime, he eats.

In the fall, he eats even more during hyperphagi.

Then he goes into the den and he sleeps for up to seven months and the in the spring, he comes back out and he does it all again.

And that is why black bears ursus americanas.

Do you remember that Latin name?

That is why they are Clay Newcomb's favorite animal out there in the wild.

And I want to encourage you guys to get out into a wild place, even if it's just in your backyard where there's a big tree, and I want you to go out there and enjoy it and learn about it.

How do you identify a dogwood tree by its bark?

It's time for guess that critter.

Where we play animal sounds and critter calls, and you've got to guess what creature is making those sounds.

Don't worry, it ain't too hard.

We're gonna throw in some clues.

Now open up your years.

That sound is slow chirps.

This noise is often made by a female when she is watching the young and asking your mate to come back soon with food.

This is what the critters sound like when they're young.

When the animal feels like it's in danger or a stranger is too close to its home, the chirps get higher pitched and more frequent, turning into a whistle alarm call.

These critters are so cool because they are really incredible anglers.

In fact, their diet is made up almost entirely of live fish.

They are so well adapted for catching fish that they have a reversible outer toe, which allows them to grasp with two toes in front and two behind, and the soles of their feet are equipped with barb pads to help them grip slippery fish.

Because of their diet fish, it's no surprise that you'll find these critters by the water like salt marshes, rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, estuaries, and even coral reefs.

This special whistle is only used when two of these critters are courting each other in what's known as a sky dance.

If you're thinking this animal as wings, you're on the right track.

This critter has a brown body with a white underside.

This keeps them camouflage when ambushing their aquatic prey.

Their wings also form a distinct m shape when you see them flying.

Now try to guess that critter.

Okay, it's time for their reveal.

It's an osprey.

Ospreys are known for dramatic into the water to catch fish, and several studies osprey caught fish and at least one in every four dives, with success rates sometimes as high as seventy percent.

The average time they spent hunting before making a catch was about twelve minutes, so keep that in mind the next time you wed a line.

Osprey are also snowbirds.

They go on huge migrations every year to warmer climates that are often between three thousand and five thousand miles away.

So next time you're out fishing, look up and keep your ears open for the fishermen of the sky.

Be sure to join us next time for guess that critter?

How can you tell the ocean is friendly?

It waves?

It's time for everyone's favorite game show, Trivia.

Let's all join in.

I'm joined by Matthew, Mabel Sage, Amelia Addison and Marshall.

Each player will earn ten dollars for conservation with every question they get right today.

There's a potential for this room to earn up to one hundred and eighty dollars this week.

That donation is going to the Land Access Initiative, which provides more access to public lands for hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, swimming, and whatever else you like doing outdoors.

Let's see how much money our players can raise.

Question one, If an animal eats fish and fruit, what kind of animal are they?

Are they a carnivore, an omnivore, or an herbivore?

If an animal eats fish and fruit, what kind of animal are they?

Your three choices are carnivore, omnivore, or herbivore.

Mabel very quick to answer.

Mabel, you have this one right?

Yeah?

Okay, Mabel and math you know this one.

Yes?

Are all of our players ready?

Marshall, you have an answer?

Yeah?

Okay, reveal your answers.

We have, Mabel, Amelia Marshall, Sage, Addison, Matthew.

The correct answer is it omnivore.

The room did very well.

Carnivores eat only meat, herbivores eat only plants, and omnivores eat both meat and plants.

Now, which one are you?

Guys?

Are you carnivores herbivores?

Okay?

A lot of omnivores in this room.

Can you guys name some other omnivores?

Bears, that's exactly right, some dinosaurs, some dinosaurs Okay, I won't argue with you, Matthew.

Any other omnivores you guys can think of that eat meat and plants.

Bears.

I feel like there's a lot.

But we're just not thinking raccoons.

They're like a little bear, right, crow boxes exactly right.

What you say they eat garbage, Well, that garbage might have plants and meat in it.

I think I've seen one on YouTube eat like like a cup plastic.

A plastic cup.

I don't think they even have a name for that, when you eat plastic and meat and fruit.

Now, some other omnivores badgers, catfish, robins, dogs, turtles, and rats.

Question two?

What is klamari?

Mushrooms, turtles or squid?

What is calamari?

Is calamari a mushroom, a turtle, or a squid?

I don't think it's like a It's easy, mat I know what is Okay, it's delicious.

Oh oh, there's a little hint from Mabel.

She says it tastes good.

Is calamari a mushroom, a turtle, or a squid?

Matthew, you got it narrow down to two of these things?

Yes, okay, you think you got a million times.

Oh there's a little hint, Matthew, you definitely know what it is.

Okay, I'm just remembering.

Okay, Sage and Marshall.

They both know this one too.

Does everybody have an answer?

Yes?

Yes?

Addison, do you have an answer?

Yes?

Okay?

What is calamari?

Go ahead and reveal your answers?

Mabel squid, Amelia Marshall, Sage, Addison.

Squid, Matthew squid.

The correct answer is a squid.

About half the room got that one right.

Calamari is an Italian word for squid.

Humans have been eating it for thousands of years, with archaeological evidence of its consumption at sites from ancient Rome and ancient Greece.

Is that's the thing you eat?

Is that the thing that you eat with like chips?

I don't think you eat it with chips.

There you go, that's right.

Said.

You've eaten klamari at Matthew's house.

How did it taste good?

You like klamari?

Yeah?

Okay?

And Mabel had a glowing review of it.

She says it tastes delicious.

Has anyone else in the room eating klamari?

Not me?

Amelia?

Do you think you would eat kalamary?

Oh?

Not cal How about you?

Marshall?

Marshall, would you have okay?

Maddison?

No?

No, okay?

Three of our players have had it.

Three of our players will never taste it.

Here's question three.

It's really good.

Isaac Newton declared, there are this many colors in a rainbow, five, seven or ten.

Isaac Newton declared, there are this many colors in a rainbow.

Your three choices are five, seven.

Or ten.

I'm going with something I feel it's the closest, the closest.

Marshall knows this one.

Marshall doesn't even need to guess.

He's just got it in his brain already.

Yeah.

How many colors did Isaac Newton say are in a rain five?

Seven or ten?

I can't tell if it's five or seven, I think.

Or ten.

It's definitely not ten, definitely.

Not definitely not.

Oh wow, Okay, well, like some people use intigo and some people okay, if you added like a lot of colors into the rainbow, sure, I don't know why you would say there'd be ten colors in a raw where you can easily see there's not.

Is everybody ready?

Yeah, go ahead and reveal your answers.

Mabel seven, Amelia seven, Marshall seven.

Sage seven, Addison seven, Matthew seven.

The correct answer it's and everybody got that one right.

Newton used a glass triangle called the prism to study the colors of a rainbow.

Prior to his experiments, it was thought that there were only five colors of a rainbow.

Now here's what we're gonna do.

If you guys can name all seven colors of the rainbow in order, we'll add an extra seventy dollars to to to today's donation.

So let's start with the first one.

We got to do it in order.

What is the first color in the rainbow?

Yeah, okay, you got that one.

What is the second color?

What is the third color?

Yellow?

What's the fourth color?

What's the next one?

What's the next one or indigo?

And what's the one after that?

Violet?

Everyone but sage got that.

One right, sedge pink in the rainbow?

Last one violet.

That means we're gonna add an extra seventy dollars today's donation.

Now that's it for this router trivia fill the engineer.

How much money did we raise?

Well, for seventy dollars, they raised two hundred and twenty dollars.

Two hundred and twenty dollars going to the Land Access Initiative.

Well done, Kids Join us next time for more Meat.

Eater Kids trivia on the other game show where conservation always wins.

Thanks for listening to everyone, See you next week on Meat Eater Kids.