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A 1992 United Bible Societies study group identified sixbroad options for translating the divine name which continue to frame thediscussion:

1.    transliterate the name (adapting “Yahweh” or an established form like “Jehovah”)

2.    substitute a title such as the equivalent of “Lord” (followingSeptuagint and NT practice of using kurios)

3.    translate the meaning of YHWH (e.g. “Eternal One”)

4.    use a culture-specific name for the Supreme Being

5.    render YHWH the same way as the generic word for “God”

6.    employ a combination of these strategies[1]

In practice, modern Bible translators have employed all ofthe above methods in various languages, balancing linguistic constraints andcultural context. This chapter examines the way many other languages besidesEnglish have rendered YHWH.

[1]“YHWH,” Translation Insights and Perspectives (TIPS), accessed May 23,2025, https://tips.translation.bible/story/yhwh.

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