In The New Geography of Innovation: The Global Contest for Breakthrough Technologies, Mehran Gul examines how innovation works in different countries around the globe—diving deep into the ecosystems that produce great technology companies.

Gul is a writer and leading technology thinker, having served as the Lead for the Digital Transformation of Industries at the World Economic Forum. His book, which was nominated as a Financial Times best business book of 2025, he discusses why the United States remains at the world’s technological frontier, with only China being a true challenger.

In his conversation with Nikolaus Lang, Global Leader of the BCG Henderson Institute, he talks about how innovation ecosystems are converging, the role of statecraft in fostering innovation ecosystems, and the main forces that will shift the global innovation landscape in the coming decade.

Key topics discussed:

01:22 | Attributes of successful innovation ecosystems

06:57 | US vs. China talent pool

10:26 | What China gets right about innovation

13:20 | Why Europe lags behind on innovation

18:54 | The role of intentional statecraft in fostering innovation

23:31 | The convergence of innovation ecosystems around the globe

26:34 | Implications for businesses

28:56 | How the global innovation landscape will evolve in the next decade