The Second Intermediate Period (Part 1). Around 1700 BCE, different regions of Egypt began to separate. Following a slow decay, a catastrophic famine and plague, and erosion of royal authority, people living in the north decided to find their own way in life.

• Date: c. 1700 BCE.
• Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
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• Episode written in 2014. Edited but not rewritten in 2024.

Select bibliography:

• Manfred Bietak, “Egypt and Canaan During the Middle Bronze Age,” Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research, 1991.
• Janine Bourriau, “The Second Intermediate Period” in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2004.
• Auaris.at – Official Website of the Austrian Expedition to Avaris (Tell el-Dabaa): General History of the Region; the Avaris Temple.
• Irene Forstner-Muller, “Tombs and Burial Customs…” in The Second Intermediate Period: Current Research, Future Prospects, 2010.
• Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994.
• Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010.
• Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006.
• Gregory D. Mumford, “Dynasties 13-17: The Second Intermediate Period,” Lecture Series.

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