Today we give you an episode in two parts from a recent conversation with Luke Kemp from Cambridge University's Centre for the Study of Existential Risk. We discuss the sudden and simultaneous rise of the nation state all over the globe as humanity emerged from the paleolithic. Prior to the bronze age of empires, humanity used kept the concentration of societal power in check by relying on ridicule, ostracism, and expulsion to stop anyone from turning strength into lasting power. Then something changed irrevocably. Suddenly domination became possible: lootable, storable crops like wheat, monopolizable weapons, and nowhere left to run, brought conditions closer to a protection racket than to progress. We are picking up the pieces today, which is where we turn to in part two.

Part Two: https://youtu.be/rJCWyUlnhB0

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00:00 Go! Why Humans Ever Built States

02:23 What a Goliath Actually Is

06:28 Were Early Humans Really Violent?

16:17 Did Cooperation or Violence Make Us?

22:56 Cities That Had No Kings

28:15 Why Farming Didn't Create States

33:09 How Often Hierarchy Failed

36:34 What It Takes to Build a Goliath

45:38 How Empire's Blueprint Spread

54:08 Where Patriarchy Came From

59:17 How War Remade the Gods

1:09:43 Why the Biggest Systems Win

1:15:13 Was Any of This Inevitable?

#archaeology #anthropology #prehistory

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