Seventy-one percent of Americans trusted doctors and hospitals in January 2020. By January 2024, that number had fallen to forty percent. But the same data shows that eighty-five percent of patients still trust their own physician. Cardiologist Dr. Akshay Pendyal calls medicine the most complex social role in human history, and in this conversation with Dr. Aditi Nerurkar, he makes the case for why. Drawing on the placebo effect, the nocebo effect, the ORBITA trial, and decades of clinical practice, they examine the alchemy of the therapeutic encounter: what patients bring into the exam room, what doctors carry with them, and what the science says happens when those two forces meet.

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