In this episode, we tackle one of the most persistent questions in perioperative care: how low is too low when it comes to hemoglobin in high-risk cardiac patients after major surgery? The long-standing restrictive threshold of 7 g/dL has been considered safe for years, but the TOP Trial challenges that comfort zone.

More than 1,400 high-risk veterans were randomized to either a liberal transfusion strategy (Hgb <10 g/dL) or a restrictive one (Hgb <7 g/dL). The primary outcome showed no significant difference in death or major ischemic events. That part was expected.

The surprise came in the secondary outcomes. Patients in the restrictive group had nearly double the rate of non-fatal cardiac complications, including new heart failure and dangerous arrhythmias. The liberal strategy cut those complications by almost 40 percent.

This episode breaks down what these findings mean for real-world practice, how they challenge current transfusion guidelines, and when you might reconsider your trigger for your most vulnerable post-op patients.

If you take care of surgical patients with cardiac risk, this is an episode you cannot skip.