References 

McCullough, D. (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. 

Ellis, J. J. (1993). Passionate sage: The character and legacy of John Adams. W. W. Norton & Company. 

John Quincy Adams: Militant spirit. Basic Books. [1] 

Chernow, R. (2010). Washington: A life. Penguin Books. 

Larson, E. J. A Magnificent Catastrophe: The Tumultuous Election of 1800, America's First Presidential Campaign. Free Press. 

Winik, J. (2007). The great upheaval: America and the birth of the modern world, 1788–1800. HarperCollins. 

Marchick, D., Tippett, A., & Wilson, A. J. (2022). The peaceful transfer of power: An oral history of America's presidential transitions. University of Virginia Press. 

Chervinsky, L. M. (2020). The cabinet: George Washington and the creation of an American institution. Harvard University Press. 

Thomas, L. (2016). Louisa: The extraordinary life of Mrs. Adams. Penguin Press. [1] 

Meacham, J. (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The art of power. Random House. 

Brookhiser, R. (2011). James Madison. Basic Books 

Cost, J. (2021). James Madison: America's first partisan. Basic Books. 

Hamilton, A., Madison, J., & Jay, J. (2014). The federalist papers (L. Goldman, Ed.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1787–1788). 

Did each President care about the country more than his own interests?