New trade policies annoy the Dutch, and new English companies attempt to force their way into West African markets. New Amsterdam becomes New York. The Second Anglo-Dutch War begins.

• Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.
• Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022.
• Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire, 2016.
• Charles Wilson, England’s Apprenticeship: 1603-1763, 1975.
• David Veevers, The Origins of the British Empire in Asia, 1600-1750, 2020.
• John Childs, General Percy Kirke and the Later Stuart Army, 2014.
• Philip Stern, The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India, 2011.
• Edwin Burrows, Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, 1999.
• Julie Svalastog, Mastering the Worst of Trades: England’s Early Africa Companies and their Traders, 1618–1672, 2021.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices