In an age defined by war, cruelty, and dynastic ambition, one king earned a reputation so extraordinary that he was later declared a saint.

Louis IX of France, better known as Saint Louis, ruled 13th-century France with an intensity of faith, justice, and personal discipline rarely seen in medieval monarchy. He dispensed justice beneath an oak tree, reformed royal courts, strengthened the French crown without constant bloodshed—and yet led disastrous crusades that cost thousands of lives, including his own.

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