Why do some eating disorders continue for years or even decades, despite treatment, effort, and a strong desire for change? Long-standing eating disorders are often misunderstood as personal failure or lack of motivation. In reality, persistence usually reflects unmet needs, nervous system strain, and environments that have not supported safety or regulation.

What “Chronic” Really Means in Eating Disorder Care

In clinical settings, the term chronic simply means persistent over time. It does not mean static, untreatable, or hopeless. Many people with chronic eating disorders experience periods of stability, partial recovery, or symptom shifts rather than full resolution. Progress often occurs in layers rather than in a straight line.

Chronic eating disorders appear across diagnoses, including anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, ARFID, and mixed presentations. What matters most is not the duration of symptoms, but the function those symptoms continue to serve.

Eating Disorders as Nervous System Survival Strategies

Eating disorder behaviors frequently operate as survival responses. They may regulate anxiety, reduce sensory overwhelm, create predictability, or provide relief from emotional distress. When behaviors serve a regulatory purpose, stopping them without replacing that function can feel destabilizing rather than healing.

Persistence is rarely about effort. Many people with long-term eating disorders have engaged in extensive treatment and tried multiple approaches. Without safety, the nervous system will continue to rely on familiar strategies.

Trauma, Chronic Stress, and Ongoing Threat

Long-standing eating disorders often develop in the context of trauma that never fully resolved. Ongoing stressors such as medical trauma, anti-fat bias, racism, ableism, financial insecurity, chronic illness, or identity-based harm can keep the nervous system in survival mode.

When threat remains present, recovery models that assume safety already exists often fall short. In these environments, eating disorder behaviors may remain necessary for coping.

Neurodivergence and Unmet Support Needs

Neurodivergent people experience chronic eating disorders at high rates, yet are frequently underserved by standard treatment models. Sensory sensitivities, executive functioning challenges, and interoceptive differences can make eating overwhelming in ways traditional care does not address.

Without accommodation, eating disorder behaviors may persist because they reduce sensory or cognitive overload. Recovery requires adapting care to the person, not forcing the person to adapt to the model.

Autonomy, Power, and Control in Recovery

Eating disorders often become closely tied to autonomy, especially for people who have experienced chronic control or invalidation. Decisions about food can feel like the last remaining area of choice.

When treatment removes autonomy without rebuilding agency, symptoms often intensify. Collaborative, consent-based care that honors choice can create safer conditions for change.

What Actually Supports Long-Term Change

Sustainable change in chronic eating disorders is built through safety, curiosity, and flexibility. Emotional, sensory, and relational safety allow the nervous system to shift. Curiosity replaces judgment by asking what the eating disorder provides rather than focusing only on stopping it.

Accommodation, harm reduction, and connection play central roles. Reducing risk, improving quality of life, and supporting nourishment without demanding perfection create space for gradual change.

Rethinking Recovery for Chronic Eating Disorders

Recovery does not need to mean the complete absence of symptoms to be meaningful. Increased flexibility, reduced fear, fewer medical crises, and a fuller life matter. Chronic eating disorders reflect complexity, not hopelessness.

Who This Episode Is For

This episode is for people living with chronic eating disorders, providers working with long-term or complex cases, and anyone seeking a trauma-informed, neurodivergent-affirming perspective on eating disorder recovery.

Content Caution

Discussion includes eating disorder behaviors, long-term symptoms, trauma, and systemic barriers to care.

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Learn More

Explore neurodivergent-affirming, trauma-informed resources for eating challenges at drmariannemiller.com.