Our editors – Marc Bonten, Erin McCreary, Anne-Grete Märtson, Angela Huttner, and Josh Davis – are back for part two of the ESCMID Global Late Breakers series, summarising five more late-breaking trials presented at ESCMID Global 2026. They discuss the trials' strengths and weaknesses, and whether their results should change practice. 

The five trials presented in this half of the series are listed below, and links to their respective sessions can be watched and rewatched on the ESCMID Global Virtual Platform. Links to corresponding abstracts and publications where available are provided as well.

Conflict of interest/involvement in the trials:

• Marc Bonten was the chair of the E.mbrace trial's steering committee
• Josh Davis is global co-lead of the SNAP trial
• Josh Davis was a site investigator on the E.mbrace trial
• Angela Huttner was an independent/unpaid member of the E.mbrace trial's steering committee and an investigator on the precursor phase 1 trial testing the E. coli vaccine

PROCALBAN trial (Late-breaking clinical trials in sepsis management)

• Chowdhury F, et al. Use of Procalcitonin Point-Of-Care Testing to Guide De-Escalation of Antibiotic Therapy in Adult Sepsis Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh: A Randomised Controlled Open-Label Trial, Preprints with The Lancet, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.6541698

BENEFICIAL trial (Late-breaking clinical trials in sepsis management) 

• De Cock PA, et al. Bedside model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin in severely ill neonates and children in Belgium (the BENEFICIAL trial): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00385-2  

SNAP trial (Late-breaking clinical trials in sepsis management) 

• Bowen A. Adjunctive clindamycin for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a randomised controlled trial within the S. aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP), abstract

Adjunctive betamethasone treatment of hypoxemic adults hospitalised with Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (Late-breaking research from The Lancet)

• Hagman K, et al. Adjunctive betamethasone treatment of hypoxaemic adults hospitalised with Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101610

E.mbrace trial (Vaccines: landmark trials and preventive immunisation)

• Cohen CA, et al. Randomised phase III trial of a 9-valent vaccine (ExPEC9V) for prevention of invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) in older adults (E.mbrace), abstract

The Swiss multicentre phase 1, first-in-human trial testing the conjugate E. coli vaccine:

• Huttner A et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary clinical efficacy of a vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2017: May;17(5):528-537