A pioneer of social psychology, Stanford scholar Claude M. Steele is renowned for Whistling Vivaldi, a runaway bestseller that analyzed societal stereotypes—from beliefs about racial and gender test score gaps to the athletic prowess of Black men—and how to mitigate these “stereotype threats.” 

In his new book Churn, Steele captures the most commonplace tensions of life in a multifaceted democracy and how to minimize their corrosive effects in everyday life. With “churn,” Steele has coined a new term to identify “the agitation we can feel in diverse settings,” such as everyday exchanges between teachers and students; police and the public; managers and employees; parents and children; and strangers, or even friends, of different sexes and races. 

Steele braids together psychological research with his own biracial life story, demonstrating how initial wariness between people of different identities is as much a product of our history as of our biases. And his latest work reveals how trust building can be a fresh and surprisingly powerful strategy for mitigating these tensions in the real–life settings of our lives and for realizing the full potential of our multiracial, multiethnic, multi-classed democracy.

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